Kungani iChina iphokophela ukwenziwa kwasendaweni okuzimele kobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo? ——I-Firebird ikuyisa ekuqondeni okujulile
2025.04.08
Kungani i-China iphokophela ukwenziwa kwasendaweni okuzimele kobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo?
Emqhudelwaneni wanamuhla womhlaba jikelele wezobuchwepheshe, isu lokwenziwa kwasendaweni okuzimele kobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo seliyindaba esemqoka ekuthuthukisweni kweShayina. Ukuthuthukiswa kwaleli su akwenzeki nangengozi, kodwa kusekelwe ekucatshangelweni okujulile kokuphepha kwezwe, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni nezinye izici. Kuwukukhetha kwamasu okukhulu okwenziwe yiShayina ngaphansi kwesimo samazwe ngamazwe esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Kungani izwe lizimisele kangaka ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo? Namuhla, ake sembule umqondo ojulile walelisu.
1. Ukuphepha kwezwe: ukubeka isisekelo esiqinile sentuthuko
1. Ukugunyazwa kwedatha akumele kwephulwe. Esikhathini somnotho wedijithali, idatha isiphenduke insiza yamasu eyinhloko yezwe. Ukuthembela kubuchwepheshe bangaphandle kusho ukuthi idatha ebalulekile ingaba sengcupheni yokuvuza. Sithatha ubuchwepheshe be-5G be-Huawei njengesibonelo, i-chip yayo yesiteshi esungulwe ngokuzimela izuze ukulawula okuphelele okuzimele kwedatha yokuxhumana, ukuvimbela ngempumelelo izinsongo zokuvikela idatha.
2. Ukuzimela kanye nokulawula ezindaweni ezibalulekile Kusukela "esehlakalweni se-Snowden" kuya kuma-chip backdoors ahlukahlukene asanda kuvezwa, ulwazi lwamazwe ngamazwe lubonise ukuthi uma "umzila wokuphila" wobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko usezandleni zabanye, ukuphepha kwezwe kuzoba nzima ukukuqinisekisa. Uhlelo lokuzulazula lwe-Beidou lwe-China Aerospace Science and Technology luyimodeli yokwephula i-GPS monopoly kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kolwazi lwesikhathi sesikhala sikazwelonke.
2. Ukuphepha kwe-Supply chain nokulawulwa kwezindleko: umnyombo wokuphila kwebhizinisi
1. Izingozi zokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzeka ziphoqelela ukuzimela
Eminyakeni yakamuva, ukuvinjelwa kobuchwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe kwenzeke kaningi (njengokuvinjelwa kwe-chip yase-US e-China). Uma izinkampani zithembele kumgudu owodwa wokungenisa, zingase zibhekane nengozi “yokuminyanisa”. Isibonelo, i-Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station saphoqeleka ukuthi ikhokhe inani eliphezulu lama-yuan angu-20,000 ngentonga ngayinye ngenxa yokuthi izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe zazilawula ubuchwepheshe bokushintsha uphethiloli we-nuclear. Ngemuva kokushintshwa kwasekhaya, izindleko zehle kakhulu zafinyelela ku-1,000 yuan ngentonga ngayinye, futhi ukuzinza kokuhlinzekwa kwaba ngcono kakhulu.
2. Ukwenza kwasendaweni kunciphisa izindleko zizonke
Ngemuva kokuthi izinga lokwenziwa kwasendaweni kwezingxenye efektri yakwaTesla eShanghai lenyuke lisuka ku-30% laya ku-100%, izindleko zemoto ngayinye zehliswe cishe ngo-50%. Uchungechunge lwempahla yasekhaya alufinyeleli nje kuphela umjikelezo wezokuthutha, kodwa futhi lunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ngomnotho wesilinganiso.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa Komnotho: Ukunqamula Izinkinga Zokukhula
1. Ukuxazulula inkinga "yebhodlela" Isigameko se-ZTE ngo-2018 sakhala i-alamu ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe zaseShayina. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi ukuthengwa kwe-chip yaseChina kweqe ama-US$300 wezigidigidi iminyaka eminingi ilandelana, kweqa uwoyela ukuze ube yimpahla enkulu kunazo zonke ethengwa kwamanye amazwe. Ezindaweni ezinjengama-semiconductors kanye nesoftware yezimboni, izwe lami kudala libhekene nokuvinjwa kwezobuchwepheshe. I-Yangtze Memory inememori ye-flash ye-3D NAND ekhiqizwe ngobuningi engu-128, ezuza impumelelo enkulu emkhakheni wama-memory chips.
2. Thuthukisa ukubaluleka kochungechunge lwezimboni
Emkhakheni wama-smartphone, nakuba i-China ikhiqiza ama-70% omakhalekhukhwini bomhlaba, isabelo sayo senzuzo singaphansi kwama-20%. Ukuphumelela kwe-chip ye-Huawei HiSilicon Kirin kwenze izinkampani zaseShayina zithole izwi emakethe ye-chip yamaselula esezingeni eliphezulu okokuqala ngqa.
4. Ukuncintisana kwezobuchwepheshe: Ukubamba izindawo eziphakeme zesikhathi esizayo
1. Ukudlula emikhakheni esafufusa Emikhakheni esezingeni eliphezulu njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-quantum computing, iShayina kanye namazwe athuthukile asendleleni efanayo yokuqala. Izimpumelelo ezintsha ezifana neka-Baidu ethi "Wenxin Yiyan" kanye nekhompyutha ye-quantum ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences ethi "Jiuzhang" zibonise ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukudlula abanye kumathrekhi amasha.
2. Izwi lisesimweni esijwayelekile Kusukela ngo-2022, i-China iye yahola ekwakhiweni kwamazinga omhlaba angaphezu kuka-1,800. Emkhakheni we-5G, izinkampani zaseShayina zibalelwa ku-34% wamalungelo obunikazi abalulekile ajwayelekile, zikleliswe kuqala emhlabeni.
5. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni: ukukhuthaza intuthuko yezinga eliphezulu
1. Inkundla ye-inthanethi yezimboni esekela isisekelo sokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile idinga ukuzimela nokulawuleka kokuqoqwa kwedatha nekhono lokucubungula. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwezimboni lwasekhaya olwakhiwe izinkampani ezifana ne-Shugen Internet lunikeza isisekelo esivikelekile sokuguqulwa kwedijithali embonini yokukhiqiza.
2. Ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kokutshalwa kwemvelo okusha kuye kwaqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwalo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni. Ukuthatha imboni ye-semiconductor njengesibonelo, ukukhuphuka kwe-SMIC kuqhubekisele ukukhula kwamakhulu ezinkampani ezisekelayo ezikhuphukayo ezifana nemishini nezinto zokwakha.
VI. Ukuhlaziywa Kwekesi Okujwayelekile
1. Ukuhlasela kobuchwepheshe besitimela esinesivinini esikhulu
Kusukela ekuqalisweni kokuqala kanye nokugaya ukudla kuya ezenzweni ezintsha ezizimele ngokuphelele, ujantshi wesitimela waseShayina onesivinini esiphezulu uzuze uguquko ukusuka "kumfundi" ukuya "kuthisha". Izinga lendawo le-Fuxing EMU selifinyelele ngaphezu kwama-90%, futhi seliqalile ukuthumela ubuchwepheshe ngokuhlehla.
2. Ukuphumelela kwesistimu yokusebenza
Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Tongxin UOS lusetshenziswe ezindaweni ezibalulekile njengezindaba zikahulumeni kanye nezezimali, nesisekelo esifakiwe esidlula izigidi ezi-5, sinqamula ukuzimela kwe-Windows ne-macOS.
7. Inkampani ye-Huolingniao: Ibhizinisi eliwuphawu lokusungula ubuchwepheshe basekhaya
1. Iphrofayili Yenkampani
I-Shenzhen HuoPro Technology Co., Ltd. (HuoPro) yasungulwa ngo-2015. Kuyibhizinisi kazwelonke lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eligxile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizeni embonini yokuphepha komphakathi kanye nemishini yokuhlenga izimo eziphuthumayo. Njengomphakeli wesivumelwano weSikhungo Sokuthengwa Kwempahla Yamaphoyisa, i-Huoliniao Company iyingqalabutho yezixazululo zemikhiqizo yokusetshenziswa kwemithetho yokubona ngeso lengqondo, egxile ekuhlinzekeni ngemikhiqizo namasevisi asezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo kumakhasimende kahulumeni nawebhizinisi kanye nabasebenzisi bomthengi ngamunye. Imikhiqizo eyinhloko ye-Huolingniao ihlanganisa ukusakazwa bukhoma kwemikhiqizo yabathengi be-elekthronikhi, amarekhodi omthetho, izindawo zokusebenza zokuqoqa idatha, amabheji ahlakaniphile, amakhabethe ahlakaniphile akhethekile ezidakamizwa ze-fentanyl, izinhlelo zokubhekwa kwevidiyo ye-panoramic nezinye izixazululo zemikhiqizo. Umkhiqizo weplathifomu ye-Huoliniao ye-panoramic visualization yomthetho usebenzela amakhasimende ezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-80% embonini yomthetho. Imikhiqizo nezisombululo zayo zisebenzela uhulumeni wasekhaya nabasebenzisi bezinkampani ezingaphezu kwezi-12,000 futhi ithunyelwa emazweni nasezifundeni ezingaphezu kwe-100 phesheya kwezilwandle.
2. Uhlelo lomkhiqizo wasekhaya
I-Huolingniao izuze impumelelo ebanzi emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe bokwenza kwasendaweni. Imikhiqizo yayo eyinhloko ihlanganisa amarekhodi omthetho kanye nezindawo zokusebenza zokuqoqa idatha:
Uchungechunge lwamarekhoda okugcinwa komthetho: okumboza amarekhodi omthetho azimele yedwa DSJ-HLN02A1, DSJ-HLN03A1, DSJ-HLN04A1, DSJ-HLN08A1, DSJ-HLN10A1, DSJ-HLN19A1, DSJ-HLN20A1; Amarekhodi omthetho wenguqulo ye-4G DSJ-HLN05A1, DSJ-HLN06A1 (imodeli endala), DSJ-HLN06A1, DSJ-HLN07A1, DSJ-HLN11A1, DSJ-HLN13A1, DSJ-HLN16A1; Amarekhodi omthetho wenguqulo ye-5G DSJ-HLN09A1, DSJ-HLN15A1, DSJ-HLN17A1, asekela ama-chips asekhaya kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, azivumelanisa nobuchwepheshe bokumisa be-Beidou, anokutholwa komsindo nevidiyo okucacayo okuphezulu, imisebenzi yokuhlaziya ehlakaniphile, futhi aphumelele ukuhlolwa nesitifiketi soMnyango Wezokuphepha Komphakathi.
Indawo yokusebenza yokuqoqa idatha: amamodeli amaningi ayatholakala, afaka ideskithophu, ephathekayo, efakwe odongeni nezinhlobo zekhabhinethi. Indawo yokusebenzela yokuqoqwa kwedatha ikhiqizwa ekhaya, ifakwe i-Zhaoxin 8-core processor + Tongxin system/Kylin system, i-Intel series + Windows operating system, esekela ukuqoqwa okuzenzakalelayo, ukugcinwa nokuphathwa kwedatha yamadivayisi amaningi, kanye nokuqaphela ukulawula okuzimele kwayo yonke inqubo yedatha.
3. Izici ezisebenzayo: Imikhiqizo ye-Firebird izimele ngokuphelele ukusuka kuma-chips kuye kumasistimu wokusebenza:
Ukuphumelela kwezinga le-Chip: kusetshenziswa amaphrosesa asekhaya asebenza kahle kakhulu, afana nama-HiSilicon chips, ama-Guoke chips, nama-Unisoc chips, njll., aguqulelwe kusakhiwo sesethi yemiyalelo yasekhaya;
Isistimu yokusebenza ezimele: Isistimu yokusebenza yerekhoda yokuphoqelela umthetho ayihlanganisi kuphela isistimu ye-Starlight Kirin ekhiqizwa ekhaya, kodwa futhi isistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux kanye nesistimu yokusebenza ye-Android; indawo yokusebenzela yokuqoqwa kwedatha ikhiqizwa ekhaya, nge-Zhaoxin 8-core processor + Tongxin system/Kirin system, kanye nesistimu yokusebenza ye-Intel + Windows ongayikhetha;
Ukuma okunembile: I-GPS + Beidou ukuma kwemodi eminingi, ngokunemba kwezinga lemitha, ithrekhi yokugada icacile lapho uthi nhla;
Ukuzinza kwesimo sezulu sonke: Idizayini evikela uthuli nokungenwa amanzi, ingasebenza esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu, ibhethri elakhelwe ngaphakathi elinomthamo omkhulu wempilo yebhethri engenakukhathazeka;
Ikhwalithi yesithombe yezinga lobungcweti: kusetshenziswa izinzwa zesithombe ezithuthukisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe izithombe ezicacile ezindaweni zokukhanyisa eziyinkimbinkimbi;
Ukusungulwa kwesoftware yohlelo lokusebenza: Thuthukisa ukuqoqwa kobufakazi bokugcinwa komthetho ekhaya, ukuphathwa kwemishini, ukuhlela okubonakalayo nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimo esigcwele;
Ukudluliswa kwesikhathi sangempela: Isekela ukudluliswa kwesikhathi sangempela, futhi isikhungo somyalo singathola izithombe ezikusayithi ngokushesha.
Isiphetho: Ukuqamba okusha okuzimele ukuphela kwendlela eya phambili
Njengomholi wemboni ezisombululweni zomkhiqizo wokubona ngeso lengqondo, i-Shenzhen Huoliniao Technology Co., Ltd. ilethe ulwazi olusha kwabezomthetho ngemikhiqizo yayo emisha namasevisi acabangelayo. Ukukhuthazwa kwezwe kwemishini yasekhaya yokugcinwa komthetho akukhona nje ukuqashelwa nokusekelwa kwemikhiqizo yasekhaya, kodwa futhi ukuphishekela ubulungisa, ukungafihli kanye nokusebenza kahle ekugcinweni komthetho. Kule mpi yokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe ethinta isiphetho sezwe, ukuqamba okusha okuzimele akusona nje isiphakamiso sezomnotho, kodwa futhi kuyisu lokukhetha ukuze kuphile impucuko. Njengoba uHu Weiwu, umklami omkhulu weLoongson, esho: "Ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo abunakutholwa ngokucela. Izinkinga zamaShayina kufanele zixazululwe ngezindlela zamaShayina." Ngikholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, izinsiza zomthetho wasekhaya zizoqhubeka nokudlala indima yazo ebalulekile futhi zibe negalelo elikhulu ekuvumelaneni komphakathi nokuzinza!
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